ABSTRACT
SESSION TITLE: COVID-19 Co-Infections SESSION TYPE: Rapid Fire Case Reports PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 1:45 pm INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. Here we present a case of the successful treatment of a COVID-19 superinfection with Citrobacter freundii, which produced both a Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) as well as a New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase (NDM-1). CASE PRESENTATION: A 53-year-old male without significant past medical history was admitted to the intensive care unit for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia. His hospital course was complicated by progressive hypoxia requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. Due to persistent fevers and increased respiratory secretions, he was placed on empiric antibiotic therapy including vancomycin, cefepime, and briefly meropenem. Blood cultures were periodically drawn and ultimately demonstrated no growth. However, a respiratory culture via bronchoalveolar lavage was positive for multidrug-resistant Citrobacter freundii. Susceptibilities showed high level of resistance to meropenem, Imipenem, Ceftazidime-Avibactam as well as Aztreonam. Molecular testing confirmed the presence of both KPC and NDM-1 β-lactamases. The patient was treated with a combination of Aztreonam 2g plus Ceftazidime-Avibactam 2.5g IV every eight hours via simultaneous infusion for fourteen days, resulting in clinical improvement and discharge to a rehabilitation facility. DISCUSSION: The emergence of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteria has been identified as a major clinical problem. The high rates and high mortality of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteria complicating the course of COVID patients during the pandemic highlighted the importance of this issue. Among the Enterobacteriaceae, β-lactam resistance is primarily caused by enzymatic degradation by β-lactamases. Two carbapenemase subclasses are especially problematic: KPC and NDM-1. Horizontal gene transfer and clonal expansion have enabled KPC and NDM-1 to spread worldwide. However, coexistence of these two resistant mechanisms within the same pathogen has rarely been reported. Recently, high stability, non-inferior fitness, and transferability among patients of KPC-2-NDM-1-CRKPs have been documented, raising further concerns about the risk for further spread and increasing rates [1]. Therapeutic options are limited. We used a combination of Ceftazidime/Avibactam plus Aztreonam for treatment, based on limited in vitro studies demonstrating a synergistic effect and superior clearance rather than either antibiotic alone or administered in sequence [2,3]. CONCLUSIONS: Superinfections with carbapenem-resistant enterobacteria have increased in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and are likely to become more prevalent in our hospitals. Prompt recognition and appropriate therapeutic selection are paramount for treating these highly resistant organisms. Reference #1: Gao H, Liu Y, Wang R, Wang Q, Jin L, Wang H. The transferability and evolution of NDM-1 and KPC-2 co-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from clinical settings. EBioMedicine. 2020 Jan;51:102599. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.102599. Epub 2020 Jan 3. PMID: 31911273;PMCID: PMC6948161. Reference #2: Marshall S, Hujer AM, Rojas LJ, Papp-Wallace KM, Humphries RM, Spellberg B, Hujer KM, Marshall EK, Rudin SD, Perez F, Wilson BM, Wasserman RB, Chikowski L, Paterson DL, Vila AJ, van Duin D, Kreiswirth BN, Chambers HF, Fowler VG Jr, Jacobs MR, Pulse ME, Weiss WJ, Bonomo RA. Can Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Aztreonam Overcome β-Lactam Resistance Conferred by Metallo-β-Lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae? Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017 Mar 24;61(4):e02243-16. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02243-16. PMID: 28167541;PMCID: PMC5365724. Reference #3: Lodise TP, Smith NM, O'Donnell N, et al. Determining the optimal dosing of a novel combination regimen of ceftazidime/avibactam with aztreonam against NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae using a hollow-fibre infection model. J Antimicrob Chemother 202 ;75(9): 2622-32 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by wisam daoud No relevant relationships by Christopher Walker No relevant relationships by Amanda Westbrook No relevant relationships by Nicola Zetola
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has had catastrophic consequences all over the world since the detection of the first case in December 2019. Currently, exponential growth is expected. In order to stop the spread of this pandemic, it is necessary to respect sanitary protocols such as the mandatory wearing of masks. In this research paper, we present an affordable artificial intelligence-based solution to increase the protection against COVID-19, covering several relevant aspects to facilitate the detection and prevention of this pandemic: non-contact temperature measurement, mask detection, automatic gel-dispensing, and automatic sterilization. Our main contribution is to provide high-quality, real-time learning and analysis. To achieve this goal, we used a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based on MobileNetV2 architecture as the learning algorithm and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as an encryption protocol for sending secure data to notify hospital staff. The experimental results show the effectiveness of our model by providing 99.7% accuracy in detecting masks with a runtime of 1.54 s © 2022, International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications. All Rights Reserved.